Biosains Kolosal: Rekayasa Genetika Perintis untuk Menghidupkan Kembali Spesies yang Punah
Colossal Biosciences Inc. adalah perusahaan bioteknologi dan rekayasa genetika inovatif yang berbasis di Dallas, Texas, yang berfokus pada pemusnahan beberapa hewan yang telah hilang seiring waktu. Di antara tujuan ambisiusnya adalah membangkitkan mammoth berbulu, harimau Tasmania, badak putih utara, serigala mengerikan, dan dodo. Pada tahun 2023, perusahaan bertujuan untuk memproduksi anak mamut berbulu hibrida pada tahun 2028 dan melepaskannya ke tundra Arktik. Mereka juga bekerja untuk memperkenalkan kembali harimau Tasmania ke habitat aslinya di Tasmania dan Australia.
Didirikan pada tahun 2021 oleh ahli genetika Harvard terkenal George Church dan pengusaha miliarder Ben Lamm, Colossal Biosciences memanfaatkan rekayasa genetika mutakhir dan teknologi reproduksi untuk mendukung upaya konservasi dan membalikkan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati.
Visi untuk Masa Depan
Ketertarikan George Church dengan de-kepunahan dimulai pada tahun 2008 ketika ia pertama kali mengusulkan gagasan untuk menciptakan spesies mammoth-gajah hibrida dengan mengurutkan genom mammoth berbulu. Pada tahun 2012, Church telah bergabung dengan tim yang mengembangkan teknologi pengeditan gen CRISPR-Cas9, membuat visinya tentang “mammophant” menjadi kenyataan yang lebih nyata. Timnya mulai bereksperimen pada tahun 2015 dengan menggunakan CRISPR untuk mengintegrasikan gen mammoth ke dalam genom gajah Asia, dengan fokus pada gen yang akan memunculkan sifat seperti mammoth, seperti tengkorak berkubah tinggi, simpanan lemak adaptif dingin, dan peningkatan retensi oksigen di lingkungan dingin. Pada tahun 2017, mereka berhasil memasukkan 45 gen mammoth ke dalam DNA gajah.
Pada tahun 2019, pengusaha serial Ben Lamm, yang tertarik dengan pekerjaan perintis Church, menghubunginya. Keduanya segera mendirikan Colossal Biosciences, dengan Lamm membawa ketajaman bisnis dan Church menyumbangkan keahlian genetiknya.
Peluncuran dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan
Colossal secara resmi diluncurkan pada 13 September 2021, dengan putaran awal $15 juta yang dipimpin oleh investor terkenal seperti Thomas Tull, Tim Draper, Tony Robbins, Winklevoss Capital Management, dan lainnya. Di luar mammoth bartinmanset.com berbulu, perusahaan, bekerja sama dengan Dr. Paul Ling dari Baylor College of Medicine, juga bekerja untuk mensintesis virus herpes endotheliotropic gajah, virus mematikan yang menyerang gajah Asia muda.
Misi Colossal melampaui de-kepunahan, dengan fokus pada pelestarian spesies yang terancam punah dan potensi manfaat ekologis dari memperkenalkan kembali spesies ini ke habitat aslinya. Upaya mereka juga termasuk mengembangkan perangkat lunak pemodelan genomik, yang dapat membuka jalan bagi kemajuan terobosan dalam pengobatan penyakit, rekayasa genetika multipleks, biologi sintetis, dan bioteknologi.
Untuk mendukung tujuan ambisiusnya, Colossal telah merekrut lebih dari 170 ilmuwan, termasuk ahli mammoth dan gajah Michael Hofreiter dan Fritz Vollrath, bersama dengan ahli bioetika R. Alta Charo dan S. Matthew Liao. Dewan penasihat ilmiah perusahaan juga mencakup para ahli dalam genomik, paleontologi, dan bidang khusus lainnya.
Masa Depan Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati
Colossal Biosciences berada di garis depan era baru dalam bioteknologi, dengan potensi untuk membentuk kembali ekosistem dan memerangi krisis keanekaragaman hayati yang sedang berlangsung. Melalui penelitian perintisnya, perusahaan tidak hanya berupaya untuk menghidupkan kembali spesies yang punah tetapi juga untuk menciptakan dampak jangka panjang pada konservasi dan restorasi lingkungan.
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